[Sextan] Supertrend - Ladder ATR BacktestLevel: 1
NOTE: This is a request by @upslidedown to backtest Supertrend - Ladder ATR by HeWhoMustNotBeNamed with my Sextan framework. You can backtest many of my indicators in minutes now! Of course,you can define your own indicator in the highlighted area in compliance with the uniform format, which guarantee when you use "Indicator on Indicator" function, it would not produce any error.
Courtesy of HeWhoMustNotBeNamed for his Supertrend - Ladder ATR indicator
Background
Backtesting of technical indicators and strategies is the most common way to understand a quantitative strategy. However, the complicated configuration and adaptation work of backtesting many quantitative tools makes many traders who do not understand the code daunted. Moreover, although I have written a lot of strategies, I am still not very satisfied with the backtest configuration and writing efficiency. Therefore, I have been thinking about how to build a backtesting framework that can quickly and easily evaluate the backtesting performance of any indicator with a "long/short entry" indicator, that is, a "simple backtesting tool for dummies". The performance requirements should be stable, and the operation should be simple and convenient. It is best to "copy", "paste", and "a few mouse clicks" to complete the quick backtest and evaluation of a new indicator.
Luckily, I recently realized that TradingView provides an "Indicator on Indicator" feature, which is the perfect foundation for doing "hot swap" backtesting. My basic idea is to use a two-layer design. The first layer is the technical indicator signal source that needs to be embedded, which is only used to provide buy and sell signals of custom strategies; the second layer is the trading system, which is used to receive the output signals of the first layer, and filter the signals according to the agreed specifications. , Take Profit, Stop Loss, draw buy and sell signals and cost lines, define and send custom buy and sell alert messages to mobile phones, social software or trading interfaces. In general, this two-layer design is a flexible combination of "death and alive", which can meet the needs of most traders to quickly evaluate the performance of a certain technical indicator. The first layer here is flexible. Users can insert their own strategy codes according to my template, and they can draw buy and sell signals and output them to the second layer. The second layer is fixed, and the overall framework is solidified to ensure the stability and unity of the trading system. It is convenient to compare different or similar strategies under the same conditions. Finally, all trading signals are drawn on the chart, and the output strategy returns. test report.
The main function:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the script provides a template for personalized strategy input, and the signal and definition interfaces ensure full compatibility with the second layer. Backtesting is performed stably in the backtesting framework of the layer. The first layer of this script is also relatively simple: enter your script in the highlighted custom script area, and after ensuring the final buy and sell signals long = bool condition, short = bool condition, the design of the first layer is considered complete. Input it into the PINE script editor of TradingView, save it and add it to the chart, you can see the pulse sequence in yellow (buy) and purple (sell) on the sub-picture, corresponding to the main picture, you can subjectively judge that the quality of the trading point of the strategy is good Bad.
The second layer: "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". This script is the standardized trading system strategy execution and alarm, used to generate the final report of the strategy backtest and some key indicators that I have customized that I find useful, such as: winning rate , Odds, Winning Surface, Kelly Ratio, Take Profit and Stop Loss Thresholds, Trading Frequency, etc. are evaluated according to the Kelly formula. To use the second layer, first load it into the TrainingView chart, no markers will appear on the chart, since you have not specified any strategy source signals, click on the gear-shaped setting next to the "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans BTFW" header button, you can open the backtest settings, the first item is to select your custom strategy source. Because we have added the strategy source to the chart in the previous step, you can easily find an option "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source: Signal" at the bottom of the list, this is the strategy source input we need, select and confirm , you can see various markers on the main graph, and quickly generate a backtesting profit graph and a list of backtesting reports. You can generate files and download the backtesting reports locally. You can also click the gear on the backtest chart interface to customize some conditions of the backtest, including: initial capital amount, currency type, percentage of each order placed, amount of pyramid additions, commission fees, slippage, etc. configuration. Note: The configuration in the interface dialog overrides the same configuration implemented by the code in the backtest script.
How to output charts:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the output of this script is the pulse value of yellow and purple, yellow +1 means buy, purple -1 means sell.
The second layer: PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". The output of this script is a bit complicated. After all, it is the entire trading system with a lot of information:
1. Blue and red arrows. The blue upward arrow indicates long position, the red downward arrow indicates short position, and the horizontal bar at the end of the purple arrow indicates take profit or stop loss exit.
2. Red and green lines. This is the holding cost line of the strategy, green represents the cost of holding a long position, and red represents the cost of holding a short position. The cost line is a continuous solid line and the price action is relatively close.
3. Green and yellow long take profit and stop loss area and green and yellow long take profit and stop loss fork. Once a long position is held, there is a conditional order for take profit and stop loss. The green horizontal line is the long take profit ratio line, and the yellow is the long stop loss ratio line; the green cross indicates the long take profit price, and the yellow cross indicates the long position. Stop loss price. It's worth noting that the prongs and wires don't necessarily go together. Because of the optimization of the algorithm, for a strong market, the take profit will occur after breaking the take profit line, and the profit will not be taken until the price falls.
4. The purple and red short take profit and stop loss area and the purple red short stop loss fork. Once a short position is held, there will be a take profit and stop loss conditional order, the red is the short take profit ratio line, and the purple is the short stop loss ratio line; the red cross indicates the short take profit price, and the purple cross indicates the short stop loss price.
5. In addition to the above signs, there are also text and numbers indicating the profit and loss values of long and short positions. "L" means long; "S" means short; "XL" means close long; "XS" means close short.
TradingView Strategy Tester Panel:
The overview graph is an intuitive graph that plots the blue (gain) and red (loss) curves of all backtest periods together, and notes: the absolute value and percentage of net profit, the number of all closed positions, the winning percentage, the profit factor, The maximum trading loss, the absolute value and ratio of the average trading profit and loss, and the average number of K-lines held in all trades.
Another is the performance summary. This is to display all long and short statistical indicators of backtesting in the form of a list, such as: net profit, gross profit, Sharpe ratio, maximum position, commission, times of profit and loss, etc.
Finally, the transaction list is a table indexed by the transaction serial number, showing the signal direction, date and time, price, profit and loss, accumulated profit and loss, maximum transaction profit, transaction loss and other values.
Remarks
Finally, I will explain that this is just the beginning of this model. I will continue to optimize the trading system of the second layer. Various optimization feedback and suggestions are welcome. For valuable feedback, I am willing to provide some L4/L5 technical indicators as rewards for free subscription rights.
Cari skrip untuk "backtest"
[Sextan] Hull MA BacktestLevel: 1
NOTE: This is a request by @babaa to backtest Hull suite by InSilico with my Sextan framework. You can backtest many of my indicators in minutes now! Of course,you can define your own indicator in the highlighted area in compliance with the uniform format, which guarantee when you use "Indicator on Indicator" function, it would not produce any error.
Courtesy of InSilico for his Hull suite indicator
Background
Backtesting of technical indicators and strategies is the most common way to understand a quantitative strategy. However, the complicated configuration and adaptation work of backtesting many quantitative tools makes many traders who do not understand the code daunted. Moreover, although I have written a lot of strategies, I am still not very satisfied with the backtest configuration and writing efficiency. Therefore, I have been thinking about how to build a backtesting framework that can quickly and easily evaluate the backtesting performance of any indicator with a "long/short entry" indicator, that is, a "simple backtesting tool for dummies". The performance requirements should be stable, and the operation should be simple and convenient. It is best to "copy", "paste", and "a few mouse clicks" to complete the quick backtest and evaluation of a new indicator.
Luckily, I recently realized that TradingView provides an "Indicator on Indicator" feature, which is the perfect foundation for doing "hot swap" backtesting. My basic idea is to use a two-layer design. The first layer is the technical indicator signal source that needs to be embedded, which is only used to provide buy and sell signals of custom strategies; the second layer is the trading system, which is used to receive the output signals of the first layer, and filter the signals according to the agreed specifications. , Take Profit, Stop Loss, draw buy and sell signals and cost lines, define and send custom buy and sell alert messages to mobile phones, social software or trading interfaces. In general, this two-layer design is a flexible combination of "death and alive", which can meet the needs of most traders to quickly evaluate the performance of a certain technical indicator. The first layer here is flexible. Users can insert their own strategy codes according to my template, and they can draw buy and sell signals and output them to the second layer. The second layer is fixed, and the overall framework is solidified to ensure the stability and unity of the trading system. It is convenient to compare different or similar strategies under the same conditions. Finally, all trading signals are drawn on the chart, and the output strategy returns. test report.
The main function:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the script provides a template for personalized strategy input, and the signal and definition interfaces ensure full compatibility with the second layer. Backtesting is performed stably in the backtesting framework of the layer. The first layer of this script is also relatively simple: enter your script in the highlighted custom script area, and after ensuring the final buy and sell signals long = bool condition, short = bool condition, the design of the first layer is considered complete. Input it into the PINE script editor of TradingView, save it and add it to the chart, you can see the pulse sequence in yellow (buy) and purple (sell) on the sub-picture, corresponding to the main picture, you can subjectively judge that the quality of the trading point of the strategy is good Bad.
The second layer: "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". This script is the standardized trading system strategy execution and alarm, used to generate the final report of the strategy backtest and some key indicators that I have customized that I find useful, such as: winning rate , Odds, Winning Surface, Kelly Ratio, Take Profit and Stop Loss Thresholds, Trading Frequency, etc. are evaluated according to the Kelly formula. To use the second layer, first load it into the TrainingView chart, no markers will appear on the chart, since you have not specified any strategy source signals, click on the gear-shaped setting next to the "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans BTFW" header button, you can open the backtest settings, the first item is to select your custom strategy source. Because we have added the strategy source to the chart in the previous step, you can easily find an option "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source: Signal" at the bottom of the list, this is the strategy source input we need, select and confirm , you can see various markers on the main graph, and quickly generate a backtesting profit graph and a list of backtesting reports. You can generate files and download the backtesting reports locally. You can also click the gear on the backtest chart interface to customize some conditions of the backtest, including: initial capital amount, currency type, percentage of each order placed, amount of pyramid additions, commission fees, slippage, etc. configuration. Note: The configuration in the interface dialog overrides the same configuration implemented by the code in the backtest script.
How to output charts:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the output of this script is the pulse value of yellow and purple, yellow +1 means buy, purple -1 means sell.
The second layer: PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". The output of this script is a bit complicated. After all, it is the entire trading system with a lot of information:
1. Blue and red arrows. The blue upward arrow indicates long position, the red downward arrow indicates short position, and the horizontal bar at the end of the purple arrow indicates take profit or stop loss exit.
2. Red and green lines. This is the holding cost line of the strategy, green represents the cost of holding a long position, and red represents the cost of holding a short position. The cost line is a continuous solid line and the price action is relatively close.
3. Green and yellow long take profit and stop loss area and green and yellow long take profit and stop loss fork. Once a long position is held, there is a conditional order for take profit and stop loss. The green horizontal line is the long take profit ratio line, and the yellow is the long stop loss ratio line; the green cross indicates the long take profit price, and the yellow cross indicates the long position. Stop loss price. It's worth noting that the prongs and wires don't necessarily go together. Because of the optimization of the algorithm, for a strong market, the take profit will occur after breaking the take profit line, and the profit will not be taken until the price falls.
4. The purple and red short take profit and stop loss area and the purple red short stop loss fork. Once a short position is held, there will be a take profit and stop loss conditional order, the red is the short take profit ratio line, and the purple is the short stop loss ratio line; the red cross indicates the short take profit price, and the purple cross indicates the short stop loss price.
5. In addition to the above signs, there are also text and numbers indicating the profit and loss values of long and short positions. "L" means long; "S" means short; "XL" means close long; "XS" means close short.
TradingView Strategy Tester Panel:
The overview graph is an intuitive graph that plots the blue (gain) and red (loss) curves of all backtest periods together, and notes: the absolute value and percentage of net profit, the number of all closed positions, the winning percentage, the profit factor, The maximum trading loss, the absolute value and ratio of the average trading profit and loss, and the average number of K-lines held in all trades.
Another is the performance summary. This is to display all long and short statistical indicators of backtesting in the form of a list, such as: net profit, gross profit, Sharpe ratio, maximum position, commission, times of profit and loss, etc.
Finally, the transaction list is a table indexed by the transaction serial number, showing the signal direction, date and time, price, profit and loss, accumulated profit and loss, maximum transaction profit, transaction loss and other values.
Remarks
Finally, I will explain that this is just the beginning of this model. I will continue to optimize the trading system of the second layer. Various optimization feedback and suggestions are welcome. For valuable feedback, I am willing to provide some L4/L5 technical indicators as rewards for free subscription rights.
[Sextan] Fisher Transform BacktestLevel: 1
NOTE: This is a request by @Uni_ve12se to backtest Ehlers Fisher Transform by cheatcountry with my Sextan framework. I ONLY take 5 minutes to perform it and how much time would you cost for this work? You can backtest many of my indicators in minutes now! Of course,you can define your own indicator in the highlighted area in compliance with the uniform format, which guarantee when you use "Indicator on Indicator" function, it would not produce any error.
Courtesy of cheatcountry for his Ehlers Fisher Transform indicator
Background
Backtesting of technical indicators and strategies is the most common way to understand a quantitative strategy. However, the complicated configuration and adaptation work of backtesting many quantitative tools makes many traders who do not understand the code daunted. Moreover, although I have written a lot of strategies, I am still not very satisfied with the backtest configuration and writing efficiency. Therefore, I have been thinking about how to build a backtesting framework that can quickly and easily evaluate the backtesting performance of any indicator with a "long/short entry" indicator, that is, a "simple backtesting tool for dummies". The performance requirements should be stable, and the operation should be simple and convenient. It is best to "copy", "paste", and "a few mouse clicks" to complete the quick backtest and evaluation of a new indicator.
Luckily, I recently realized that TradingView provides an "Indicator on Indicator" feature, which is the perfect foundation for doing "hot swap" backtesting. My basic idea is to use a two-layer design. The first layer is the technical indicator signal source that needs to be embedded, which is only used to provide buy and sell signals of custom strategies; the second layer is the trading system, which is used to receive the output signals of the first layer, and filter the signals according to the agreed specifications. , Take Profit, Stop Loss, draw buy and sell signals and cost lines, define and send custom buy and sell alert messages to mobile phones, social software or trading interfaces. In general, this two-layer design is a flexible combination of "death and alive", which can meet the needs of most traders to quickly evaluate the performance of a certain technical indicator. The first layer here is flexible. Users can insert their own strategy codes according to my template, and they can draw buy and sell signals and output them to the second layer. The second layer is fixed, and the overall framework is solidified to ensure the stability and unity of the trading system. It is convenient to compare different or similar strategies under the same conditions. Finally, all trading signals are drawn on the chart, and the output strategy returns. test report.
The main function:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the script provides a template for personalized strategy input, and the signal and definition interfaces ensure full compatibility with the second layer. Backtesting is performed stably in the backtesting framework of the layer. The first layer of this script is also relatively simple: enter your script in the highlighted custom script area, and after ensuring the final buy and sell signals long = bool condition, short = bool condition, the design of the first layer is considered complete. Input it into the PINE script editor of TradingView, save it and add it to the chart, you can see the pulse sequence in yellow (buy) and purple (sell) on the sub-picture, corresponding to the main picture, you can subjectively judge that the quality of the trading point of the strategy is good Bad.
The second layer: "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". This script is the standardized trading system strategy execution and alarm, used to generate the final report of the strategy backtest and some key indicators that I have customized that I find useful, such as: winning rate , Odds, Winning Surface, Kelly Ratio, Take Profit and Stop Loss Thresholds, Trading Frequency, etc. are evaluated according to the Kelly formula. To use the second layer, first load it into the TrainingView chart, no markers will appear on the chart, since you have not specified any strategy source signals, click on the gear-shaped setting next to the "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans BTFW" header button, you can open the backtest settings, the first item is to select your custom strategy source. Because we have added the strategy source to the chart in the previous step, you can easily find an option "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source: Signal" at the bottom of the list, this is the strategy source input we need, select and confirm , you can see various markers on the main graph, and quickly generate a backtesting profit graph and a list of backtesting reports. You can generate files and download the backtesting reports locally. You can also click the gear on the backtest chart interface to customize some conditions of the backtest, including: initial capital amount, currency type, percentage of each order placed, amount of pyramid additions, commission fees, slippage, etc. configuration. Note: The configuration in the interface dialog overrides the same configuration implemented by the code in the backtest script.
How to output charts:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the output of this script is the pulse value of yellow and purple, yellow +1 means buy, purple -1 means sell.
The second layer: PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". The output of this script is a bit complicated. After all, it is the entire trading system with a lot of information:
1. Blue and red arrows. The blue upward arrow indicates long position, the red downward arrow indicates short position, and the horizontal bar at the end of the purple arrow indicates take profit or stop loss exit.
2. Red and green lines. This is the holding cost line of the strategy, green represents the cost of holding a long position, and red represents the cost of holding a short position. The cost line is a continuous solid line and the price action is relatively close.
3. Green and yellow long take profit and stop loss area and green and yellow long take profit and stop loss fork. Once a long position is held, there is a conditional order for take profit and stop loss. The green horizontal line is the long take profit ratio line, and the yellow is the long stop loss ratio line; the green cross indicates the long take profit price, and the yellow cross indicates the long position. Stop loss price. It's worth noting that the prongs and wires don't necessarily go together. Because of the optimization of the algorithm, for a strong market, the take profit will occur after breaking the take profit line, and the profit will not be taken until the price falls.
4. The purple and red short take profit and stop loss area and the purple red short stop loss fork. Once a short position is held, there will be a take profit and stop loss conditional order, the red is the short take profit ratio line, and the purple is the short stop loss ratio line; the red cross indicates the short take profit price, and the purple cross indicates the short stop loss price.
5. In addition to the above signs, there are also text and numbers indicating the profit and loss values of long and short positions. "L" means long; "S" means short; "XL" means close long; "XS" means close short.
TradingView Strategy Tester Panel:
The overview graph is an intuitive graph that plots the blue (gain) and red (loss) curves of all backtest periods together, and notes: the absolute value and percentage of net profit, the number of all closed positions, the winning percentage, the profit factor, The maximum trading loss, the absolute value and ratio of the average trading profit and loss, and the average number of K-lines held in all trades.
Another is the performance summary. This is to display all long and short statistical indicators of backtesting in the form of a list, such as: net profit, gross profit, Sharpe ratio, maximum position, commission, times of profit and loss, etc.
Finally, the transaction list is a table indexed by the transaction serial number, showing the signal direction, date and time, price, profit and loss, accumulated profit and loss, maximum transaction profit, transaction loss and other values.
Remarks
Finally, I will explain that this is just the beginning of this model. I will continue to optimize the trading system of the second layer. Various optimization feedback and suggestions are welcome. For valuable feedback, I am willing to provide some L4/L5 technical indicators as rewards for free subscription rights.
[Sextan] M-Oscillator BacktestLevel: 1
NOTE: This is a request by @scantor516 to backtest M-Oscillator by Mango2Juice with my Sextan framework. I ONLY take 5 minutes to perform it and how much time would you cost for this work?
Courtesy of Mango2Juice for M-Oscillator script.
You can backtest many of my indicators in minutes now! Of course,you can define your own indicator in the highlighted area in compliance with the uniform format, which guarantee when you use "Indicator on Indicator" function, it would not produce any error.
Background
Backtesting of technical indicators and strategies is the most common way to understand a quantitative strategy. However, the complicated configuration and adaptation work of backtesting many quantitative tools makes many traders who do not understand the code daunted. Moreover, although I have written a lot of strategies, I am still not very satisfied with the backtest configuration and writing efficiency. Therefore, I have been thinking about how to build a backtesting framework that can quickly and easily evaluate the backtesting performance of any indicator with a "long/short entry" indicator, that is, a "simple backtesting tool for dummies". The performance requirements should be stable, and the operation should be simple and convenient. It is best to "copy", "paste", and "a few mouse clicks" to complete the quick backtest and evaluation of a new indicator.
Luckily, I recently realized that TradingView provides an "Indicator on Indicator" feature, which is the perfect foundation for doing "hot swap" backtesting. My basic idea is to use a two-layer design. The first layer is the technical indicator signal source that needs to be embedded, which is only used to provide buy and sell signals of custom strategies; the second layer is the trading system, which is used to receive the output signals of the first layer, and filter the signals according to the agreed specifications. , Take Profit, Stop Loss, draw buy and sell signals and cost lines, define and send custom buy and sell alert messages to mobile phones, social software or trading interfaces. In general, this two-layer design is a flexible combination of "death and alive", which can meet the needs of most traders to quickly evaluate the performance of a certain technical indicator. The first layer here is flexible. Users can insert their own strategy codes according to my template, and they can draw buy and sell signals and output them to the second layer. The second layer is fixed, and the overall framework is solidified to ensure the stability and unity of the trading system. It is convenient to compare different or similar strategies under the same conditions. Finally, all trading signals are drawn on the chart, and the output strategy returns. test report.
The main function:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the script provides a template for personalized strategy input, and the signal and definition interfaces ensure full compatibility with the second layer. Backtesting is performed stably in the backtesting framework of the layer. The first layer of this script is also relatively simple: enter your script in the highlighted custom script area, and after ensuring the final buy and sell signals long = bool condition, short = bool condition, the design of the first layer is considered complete. Input it into the PINE script editor of TradingView, save it and add it to the chart, you can see the pulse sequence in yellow (buy) and purple (sell) on the sub-picture, corresponding to the main picture, you can subjectively judge that the quality of the trading point of the strategy is good Bad.
The second layer: "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". This script is the standardized trading system strategy execution and alarm, used to generate the final report of the strategy backtest and some key indicators that I have customized that I find useful, such as: winning rate , Odds, Winning Surface, Kelly Ratio, Take Profit and Stop Loss Thresholds, Trading Frequency, etc. are evaluated according to the Kelly formula. To use the second layer, first load it into the TrainingView chart, no markers will appear on the chart, since you have not specified any strategy source signals, click on the gear-shaped setting next to the "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans BTFW" header button, you can open the backtest settings, the first item is to select your custom strategy source. Because we have added the strategy source to the chart in the previous step, you can easily find an option "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source: Signal" at the bottom of the list, this is the strategy source input we need, select and confirm , you can see various markers on the main graph, and quickly generate a backtesting profit graph and a list of backtesting reports. You can generate files and download the backtesting reports locally. You can also click the gear on the backtest chart interface to customize some conditions of the backtest, including: initial capital amount, currency type, percentage of each order placed, amount of pyramid additions, commission fees, slippage, etc. configuration. Note: The configuration in the interface dialog overrides the same configuration implemented by the code in the backtest script.
How to output charts:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the output of this script is the pulse value of yellow and purple, yellow +1 means buy, purple -1 means sell.
The second layer: PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". The output of this script is a bit complicated. After all, it is the entire trading system with a lot of information:
1. Blue and red arrows. The blue upward arrow indicates long position, the red downward arrow indicates short position, and the horizontal bar at the end of the purple arrow indicates take profit or stop loss exit.
2. Red and green lines. This is the holding cost line of the strategy, green represents the cost of holding a long position, and red represents the cost of holding a short position. The cost line is a continuous solid line and the price action is relatively close.
3. Green and yellow long take profit and stop loss area and green and yellow long take profit and stop loss fork. Once a long position is held, there is a conditional order for take profit and stop loss. The green horizontal line is the long take profit ratio line, and the yellow is the long stop loss ratio line; the green cross indicates the long take profit price, and the yellow cross indicates the long position. Stop loss price. It's worth noting that the prongs and wires don't necessarily go together. Because of the optimization of the algorithm, for a strong market, the take profit will occur after breaking the take profit line, and the profit will not be taken until the price falls.
4. The purple and red short take profit and stop loss area and the purple red short stop loss fork. Once a short position is held, there will be a take profit and stop loss conditional order, the red is the short take profit ratio line, and the purple is the short stop loss ratio line; the red cross indicates the short take profit price, and the purple cross indicates the short stop loss price.
5. In addition to the above signs, there are also text and numbers indicating the profit and loss values of long and short positions. "L" means long; "S" means short; "XL" means close long; "XS" means close short.
TradingView Strategy Tester Panel:
The overview graph is an intuitive graph that plots the blue (gain) and red (loss) curves of all backtest periods together, and notes: the absolute value and percentage of net profit, the number of all closed positions, the winning percentage, the profit factor, The maximum trading loss, the absolute value and ratio of the average trading profit and loss, and the average number of K-lines held in all trades.
Another is the performance summary. This is to display all long and short statistical indicators of backtesting in the form of a list, such as: net profit, gross profit, Sharpe ratio, maximum position, commission, times of profit and loss, etc.
Finally, the transaction list is a table indexed by the transaction serial number, showing the signal direction, date and time, price, profit and loss, accumulated profit and loss, maximum transaction profit, transaction loss and other values.
Remarks
Finally, I will explain that this is just the beginning of this model. I will continue to optimize the trading system of the second layer. Various optimization feedback and suggestions are welcome. For valuable feedback, I am willing to provide some L4/L5 technical indicators as rewards for free subscription rights.
[Sextan] KAMA BacktestLevel: 1
NOTE: This is ONLY an EXAMPLE on HOW-TO produce a customized "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework" with intput signal source as my "{blackcat} L2 Perry Kaufman Adaptive MA (KAMA)" quickly and drawing on main chart. You can backtest many of my indicators in minutes now!
Of course,you can define your own indicator in the highlighted area in compliance with the uniform format, which guarantee when you use "Indicator on Indicator" function, it would not produce any error.
Background
Backtesting of technical indicators and strategies is the most common way to understand a quantitative strategy. However, the complicated configuration and adaptation work of backtesting many quantitative tools makes many traders who do not understand the code daunted. Moreover, although I have written a lot of strategies, I am still not very satisfied with the backtest configuration and writing efficiency. Therefore, I have been thinking about how to build a backtesting framework that can quickly and easily evaluate the backtesting performance of any indicator with a "long/short entry" indicator, that is, a "simple backtesting tool for dummies". The performance requirements should be stable, and the operation should be simple and convenient. It is best to "copy", "paste", and "a few mouse clicks" to complete the quick backtest and evaluation of a new indicator.
Luckily, I recently realized that TradingView provides an "Indicator on Indicator" feature, which is the perfect foundation for doing "hot swap" backtesting. My basic idea is to use a two-layer design. The first layer is the technical indicator signal source that needs to be embedded, which is only used to provide buy and sell signals of custom strategies; the second layer is the trading system, which is used to receive the output signals of the first layer, and filter the signals according to the agreed specifications. , Take Profit, Stop Loss, draw buy and sell signals and cost lines, define and send custom buy and sell alert messages to mobile phones, social software or trading interfaces. In general, this two-layer design is a flexible combination of "death and alive", which can meet the needs of most traders to quickly evaluate the performance of a certain technical indicator. The first layer here is flexible. Users can insert their own strategy codes according to my template, and they can draw buy and sell signals and output them to the second layer. The second layer is fixed, and the overall framework is solidified to ensure the stability and unity of the trading system. It is convenient to compare different or similar strategies under the same conditions. Finally, all trading signals are drawn on the chart, and the output strategy returns. test report.
The main function:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the script provides a template for personalized strategy input, and the signal and definition interfaces ensure full compatibility with the second layer. Backtesting is performed stably in the backtesting framework of the layer. The first layer of this script is also relatively simple: enter your script in the highlighted custom script area, and after ensuring the final buy and sell signals long = bool condition, short = bool condition, the design of the first layer is considered complete. Input it into the PINE script editor of TradingView, save it and add it to the chart, you can see the pulse sequence in yellow (buy) and purple (sell) on the sub-picture, corresponding to the main picture, you can subjectively judge that the quality of the trading point of the strategy is good Bad.
The second layer: "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". This script is the standardized trading system strategy execution and alarm, used to generate the final report of the strategy backtest and some key indicators that I have customized that I find useful, such as: winning rate , Odds, Winning Surface, Kelly Ratio, Take Profit and Stop Loss Thresholds, Trading Frequency, etc. are evaluated according to the Kelly formula. To use the second layer, first load it into the TrainingView chart, no markers will appear on the chart, since you have not specified any strategy source signals, click on the gear-shaped setting next to the "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans BTFW" header button, you can open the backtest settings, the first item is to select your custom strategy source. Because we have added the strategy source to the chart in the previous step, you can easily find an option "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source: Signal" at the bottom of the list, this is the strategy source input we need, select and confirm , you can see various markers on the main graph, and quickly generate a backtesting profit graph and a list of backtesting reports. You can generate files and download the backtesting reports locally. You can also click the gear on the backtest chart interface to customize some conditions of the backtest, including: initial capital amount, currency type, percentage of each order placed, amount of pyramid additions, commission fees, slippage, etc. configuration. Note: The configuration in the interface dialog overrides the same configuration implemented by the code in the backtest script.
How to output charts:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the output of this script is the pulse value of yellow and purple, yellow +1 means buy, purple -1 means sell.
The second layer: PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". The output of this script is a bit complicated. After all, it is the entire trading system with a lot of information:
1. Blue and red arrows. The blue upward arrow indicates long position, the red downward arrow indicates short position, and the horizontal bar at the end of the purple arrow indicates take profit or stop loss exit.
2. Red and green lines. This is the holding cost line of the strategy, green represents the cost of holding a long position, and red represents the cost of holding a short position. The cost line is a continuous solid line and the price action is relatively close.
3. Green and yellow long take profit and stop loss area and green and yellow long take profit and stop loss fork. Once a long position is held, there is a conditional order for take profit and stop loss. The green horizontal line is the long take profit ratio line, and the yellow is the long stop loss ratio line; the green cross indicates the long take profit price, and the yellow cross indicates the long position. Stop loss price. It's worth noting that the prongs and wires don't necessarily go together. Because of the optimization of the algorithm, for a strong market, the take profit will occur after breaking the take profit line, and the profit will not be taken until the price falls.
4. The purple and red short take profit and stop loss area and the purple red short stop loss fork. Once a short position is held, there will be a take profit and stop loss conditional order, the red is the short take profit ratio line, and the purple is the short stop loss ratio line; the red cross indicates the short take profit price, and the purple cross indicates the short stop loss price.
5. In addition to the above signs, there are also text and numbers indicating the profit and loss values of long and short positions. "L" means long; "S" means short; "XL" means close long; "XS" means close short.
TradingView Strategy Tester Panel:
The overview graph is an intuitive graph that plots the blue (gain) and red (loss) curves of all backtest periods together, and notes: the absolute value and percentage of net profit, the number of all closed positions, the winning percentage, the profit factor, The maximum trading loss, the absolute value and ratio of the average trading profit and loss, and the average number of K-lines held in all trades.
Another is the performance summary. This is to display all long and short statistical indicators of backtesting in the form of a list, such as: net profit, gross profit, Sharpe ratio, maximum position, commission, times of profit and loss, etc.
Finally, the transaction list is a table indexed by the transaction serial number, showing the signal direction, date and time, price, profit and loss, accumulated profit and loss, maximum transaction profit, transaction loss and other values.
Remarks
Finally, I will explain that this is just the beginning of this model. I will continue to optimize the trading system of the second layer. Various optimization feedback and suggestions are welcome. For valuable feedback, I am willing to provide some L4/L5 technical indicators as rewards for free subscription rights.
[Sextan] Your Indicator SourceLevel: 1
NOTE: This is ONLY an EXAMPLE on HOW-TO produce a customized "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework" intput signal source, you can define your own indicator in the highlighted area in compliance with the uniform format, which guarantee when you use "Indicator on Indicator" function, it would not produce any error.
I use two simple moving average crossings to produce long and short entry signal with SMA3 and SMA8 in the example.
Background
Backtesting of technical indicators and strategies is the most common way to understand a quantitative strategy. However, the complicated configuration and adaptation work of backtesting many quantitative tools makes many traders who do not understand the code daunted. Moreover, although I have written a lot of strategies, I am still not very satisfied with the backtest configuration and writing efficiency. Therefore, I have been thinking about how to build a backtesting framework that can quickly and easily evaluate the backtesting performance of any indicator with a "long/short entry" indicator, that is, a "simple backtesting tool for dummies". The performance requirements should be stable, and the operation should be simple and convenient. It is best to "copy", "paste", and "a few mouse clicks" to complete the quick backtest and evaluation of a new indicator.
Luckily, I recently realized that TradingView provides an "Indicator on Indicator" feature, which is the perfect foundation for doing "hot swap" backtesting. My basic idea is to use a two-layer design. The first layer is the technical indicator signal source that needs to be embedded, which is only used to provide buy and sell signals of custom strategies; the second layer is the trading system, which is used to receive the output signals of the first layer, and filter the signals according to the agreed specifications. , Take Profit, Stop Loss, draw buy and sell signals and cost lines, define and send custom buy and sell alert messages to mobile phones, social software or trading interfaces. In general, this two-layer design is a flexible combination of "death and alive", which can meet the needs of most traders to quickly evaluate the performance of a certain technical indicator. The first layer here is flexible. Users can insert their own strategy codes according to my template, and they can draw buy and sell signals and output them to the second layer. The second layer is fixed, and the overall framework is solidified to ensure the stability and unity of the trading system. It is convenient to compare different or similar strategies under the same conditions. Finally, all trading signals are drawn on the chart, and the output strategy returns. test report.
The main function:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the script provides a template for personalized strategy input, and the signal and definition interfaces ensure full compatibility with the second layer. Backtesting is performed stably in the backtesting framework of the layer. The first layer of this script is also relatively simple: enter your script in the highlighted custom script area, and after ensuring the final buy and sell signals long = bool condition, short = bool condition, the design of the first layer is considered complete. Input it into the PINE script editor of TradingView, save it and add it to the chart, you can see the pulse sequence in yellow (buy) and purple (sell) on the sub-picture, corresponding to the main picture, you can subjectively judge that the quality of the trading point of the strategy is good Bad.
The second layer: "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". This script is the standardized trading system strategy execution and alarm, used to generate the final report of the strategy backtest and some key indicators that I have customized that I find useful, such as: winning rate , Odds, Winning Surface, Kelly Ratio, Take Profit and Stop Loss Thresholds, Trading Frequency, etc. are evaluated according to the Kelly formula. To use the second layer, first load it into the TrainingView chart, no markers will appear on the chart, since you have not specified any strategy source signals, click on the gear-shaped setting next to the "{Sextan} PINEv4 Sextans BTFW" header button, you can open the backtest settings, the first item is to select your custom strategy source. Because we have added the strategy source to the chart in the previous step, you can easily find an option "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source: Signal" at the bottom of the list, this is the strategy source input we need, select and confirm , you can see various markers on the main graph, and quickly generate a backtesting profit graph and a list of backtesting reports. You can generate files and download the backtesting reports locally. You can also click the gear on the backtest chart interface to customize some conditions of the backtest, including: initial capital amount, currency type, percentage of each order placed, amount of pyramid additions, commission fees, slippage, etc. configuration. Note: The configuration in the interface dialog overrides the same configuration implemented by the code in the backtest script.
How to output charts:
The first layer: "{Sextan} Your Indicator Source", the output of this script is the pulse value of yellow and purple, yellow +1 means buy, purple -1 means sell.
The second layer: PINEv4 Sextans Backtest Framework". The output of this script is a bit complicated. After all, it is the entire trading system with a lot of information:
1. Blue and red arrows. The blue upward arrow indicates long position, the red downward arrow indicates short position, and the horizontal bar at the end of the purple arrow indicates take profit or stop loss exit.
2. Red and green lines. This is the holding cost line of the strategy, green represents the cost of holding a long position, and red represents the cost of holding a short position. The cost line is a continuous solid line and the price action is relatively close.
3. Green and yellow long take profit and stop loss area and green and yellow long take profit and stop loss fork. Once a long position is held, there is a conditional order for take profit and stop loss. The green horizontal line is the long take profit ratio line, and the yellow is the long stop loss ratio line; the green cross indicates the long take profit price, and the yellow cross indicates the long position. Stop loss price. It's worth noting that the prongs and wires don't necessarily go together. Because of the optimization of the algorithm, for a strong market, the take profit will occur after breaking the take profit line, and the profit will not be taken until the price falls.
4. The purple and red short take profit and stop loss area and the purple red short stop loss fork. Once a short position is held, there will be a take profit and stop loss conditional order, the red is the short take profit ratio line, and the purple is the short stop loss ratio line; the red cross indicates the short take profit price, and the purple cross indicates the short stop loss price.
5. In addition to the above signs, there are also text and numbers indicating the profit and loss values of long and short positions. "L" means long; "S" means short; "XL" means close long; "XS" means close short.
TradingView Strategy Tester Panel:
The overview graph is an intuitive graph that plots the blue (gain) and red (loss) curves of all backtest periods together, and notes: the absolute value and percentage of net profit, the number of all closed positions, the winning percentage, the profit factor, The maximum trading loss, the absolute value and ratio of the average trading profit and loss, and the average number of K-lines held in all trades.
Another is the performance summary. This is to display all long and short statistical indicators of backtesting in the form of a list, such as: net profit, gross profit, Sharpe ratio, maximum position, commission, times of profit and loss, etc.
Finally, the transaction list is a table indexed by the transaction serial number, showing the signal direction, date and time, price, profit and loss, accumulated profit and loss, maximum transaction profit, transaction loss and other values.
Remarks
Finally, I will explain that this is just the beginning of this model. I will continue to optimize the trading system of the second layer. Various optimization feedback and suggestions are welcome. For valuable feedback, I am willing to provide some L4/L5 technical indicators as rewards for free subscription rights.
Session candles & reversals / quantifytools— Overview
Like traditional candles, session based candles are a visualization of open, high, low and close values, but based on session time periods instead of typical timeframes such as daily or weekly. Session candles are formed by fetching price at session start (open), highest price during session (high), lowest price during session (low) and price at session end (close). On top of candles, session based moving average is formed and session reversals detected. Session reversals are also backtested, using win rate and magnitude metrics to better understand what to expect from session reversals and which ones have historically performed the best.
By default, following session time periods are used:
Session #1: London (08:00 - 17:00, UTC)
Session #2: New York (13:00 - 22:00, UTC)
Session #3: Sydney (21:00 - 06:00, UTC)
Session #4: Tokyo (00:00 - 09:00, UTC)
Session time periods can be changed via input menu.
— Reversals
Session reversals are patterns that show a rapid change in direction during session. These formations are more familiarly known as wicks or engulfing candles. Following criteria must be met to qualify as a session reversal:
Wick up:
Lower high, lower low, close >= 65% of session range (0% being the very low, 100% being the very high) and open >= 40% of session range.
Wick down:
Higher high, higher low, close <= 35% of session range and open <= 60% of session range.
Engulfing up:
Higher high, lower low, close >= 65% of session range.
Engulfing down:
Higher high, lower low, close <= 35% of session range.
Session reversals are always based on prior corresponding session , e.g. to qualify as a NY session engulfing up, NY session must have a higher high and lower low relative to prior NY session , not just any session that has taken place in between. Session reversals should be viewed the same way wicks/engulfing formations are viewed on traditional timeframe based candles. Essentially, wick reversals (light green/red labels) tell you most of the motion during session was reversed. Engulfing reversals (dark green/red labels) on the other hand tell you all of the motion was reversed and new direction set.
— Backtesting
Session reversals are backtested using win rate and magnitude metrics. A session reversal is considered successful when next corresponding session closes higher/lower than session reversal close . Win rate is formed by dividing successful session reversal count with total reversal count, e.g. 5 successful reversals up / 10 reversals up total = 50% win rate. Win rate tells us what are the odds (historically) of session reversal producing a clean supporting move that was persistent enough to close that way too.
When a session reversal is successful, its magnitude is measured using percentage increase/decrease from session reversal close to next corresponding session high/low . If NY session closes higher than prior NY session that was a reversal up, the percentage increase from prior session close (reversal close) to current session high is measured. If NY session closes lower than prior NY session that was a reversal down, the percentage decrease from prior session close to current session low is measured.
Average magnitude is formed by dividing all percentage increases/decreases with total reversal count, e.g. 10 total reversals up with 1% increase each -> 10% net increase from all reversals -> 10% total increase / 10 total reversals up = 1% average magnitude. Magnitude metric supports win rate by indicating the depth of successful session reversal moves.
To better understand the backtesting calculations and more importantly to verify their validity, backtesting visuals for each session can be plotted on the chart:
All backtesting results are shown in the backtesting panel on top right corner, with highest win rates and magnitude metrics for both reversals up and down marked separately. Note that past performance is not a guarantee of future performance and session reversals as they are should not be viewed as a complete strategy for long/short plays. Always make sure reversal count is sufficient to draw reliable conclusions of performance.
— Session moving average
Users can form a session based moving average with their preferred smoothing method (SMA , EMA , HMA , WMA , RMA) and length, as well as choose which sessions to include in the moving average. For example, a moving average based on New York and Tokyo sessions can be formed, leaving London and Sydney completely out of the calculation.
— Visuals
By default, script hides your candles/bars, although in the case of candles borders will still be visible. Switching to bars/line will make your regular chart visuals 100% hidden. This setting can be turned off via input menu. As some sessions overlap, each session candle can be separately offsetted forward, clearing the overlaps. Users can also choose which session candles to show/hide.
Session periods can be highlighted on the chart as a background color, applicable to only session candles that are activated. By default, session reversals are referred to as L (London), N (New York), S (Sydney) and T (Tokyo) in both reversal labels and backtesting table. By toggling on "Numerize sessions", these will be replaced with 1, 2, 3 and 4. This will be helpful when using a custom session that isn't any of the above.
Visual settings example:
Session candles are plotted in two formats, using boxes and lines as well as plotcandle() function. Session candles constructed using boxes and lines will be clear and much easier on the eyes, but will apply only to first 500 bars due to Tradingview related limitations. Rest of the session candles go back indefinitely, but won't be as clean:
All colors can be customized via input menu.
— Timeframe & session time period considerations
As a rule of thumb, session candles should be used on timeframes at or below 1H, as higher timeframes might not match with session period start/end, leading to incorrect plots. Using 1 hour timeframe will bring optimal results as greatest amount historical data is available without sacrificing accuracy of OHLC values. If you are using a custom session that is not based on hourly period (e.g. 08:00 - 15:00 vs. 08.00 - 15.15) make sure you are using a timeframe that allows correct plots.
Session time periods applied by default are rough estimates and might be out of bounds on some charts, like NYSE listed equities. This is rarely a problem on assets that have extensive trading hours, like futures or cryptocurrency. If a session is out of bounds (asset isn't traded during the set session time period) the script won't plot given session candle and its backtesting metrics will be NA. This can be fixed by changing the session time periods to match with given asset trading hours, although you will have to consider whether or not this defeats the purpose of having candles based on sessions.
— Practical guide
Whether based on traditional timeframes or sessions, reversals should always be considered as only one piece of evidence of price turning. Never react to them without considering other factors that might support the thesis, such as levels and multi-timeframe analysis. In short, same basic charting principles apply with session candles that apply with normal candles. Use discretion.
Example #1 : Focusing efforts on session reversals at distinct support/resistance levels
A reversal against a level holds more value than a reversal by itself, as you know it's a placement where liquidity can be expected. A reversal serves as a confirming reaction for this expectation.
Example #2 : Focusing efforts on highest performing reversals and avoiding poorly performing ones
As you have data backed evidence of session reversal performance, it makes sense to focus your efforts on the ones that perform best. If some session reversal is clearly performing poorly, you would want to avoid it, since there's nothing backing up its validity.
Example #3 : Reversal clusters
Two is better than one, three is better than two and so on. If there are rapid changes in direction within multiple sessions consecutively, there's heavier evidence of a dynamic shift in price. In such case, it makes sense to hold more confidence in price halting/turning.
Interest Rate Trading (Manually Added Rate Decisions) [TANHEF]Interest Rate Trading: How Interest Rates Can Guide Your Next Move.
How were interest rate decisions added?
All interest rate decision dates were manually retrieved from the 'Record of Policy Actions' and 'Minutes of Actions' on the Federal Reserve's website due to inconsistent dates from other sources. These were manually added as Pine Script currently only identifies rate changes, not pauses.
█ Simple Explanation:
This script is designed for analyzing and backtesting trading strategies based on U.S. interest rate decisions which occur during Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings, to make trading decisions. No trading strategy is perfect, and it's important to understand that expectations won't always play out. The script leverages historical interest rate changes, including increases, decreases, and pauses, across multiple economic time periods from 1971 to the present. The tool integrates two key data sources for interest rates—USINTR and FEDFUNDS—to support decision-making around rate-based trades. The focus is on identifying opportunities and tracking trades driven by interest rate movements.
█ Interest Rate Decision Sources:
As noted above, each decision date has been manually added from the 'Record of Policy Actions' and 'Minutes of Actions' documents on the Federal Reserve's website. This includes +50 years of more than 600 rate decisions.
█ Interest Rate Data Sources:
USINTR: Reflects broader U.S. interest rate trends, including Treasury yields and various benchmarks. This is the preferred option as it corresponds well to the rate decision dates.
FEDFUNDS: Tracks the Federal Funds Rate, which is a more specific rate targeted by the Federal Reserve. This does not change on the exact same days as the rate decisions that occur at FOMC meetings.
█ Trade Criteria:
A variety of trading conditions are predefined to suit different trading strategies. These conditions include:
Increase/Decrease: Standard rate increases or decreases.
Double/Triple Increase/Decrease: A series of consecutive changes.
Aggressive Increase/Decrease: Rate changes that exceed recent movements.
Pause: Identification of no changes (pauses) between rate decisions, including double or triple pauses.
Complex Patterns: Combinations of pauses, increases, or decreases, such as "Pause after Increase" or "Pause or Increase."
█ Trade Execution and Exit:
The script allows automated trade execution based on selected criteria:
Auto-Entry: Option to enter trades automatically at the first valid period.
Max Trade Duration: Optional exit of trades after a specified number of bars (candles).
Pause Days: Minimum duration (in days) to validate rate pauses as entry conditions. This is especially useful for earlier periods (prior to the 2000s), where rate decisions often seemed random compared to the consistency we see today.
█ Visualization:
Several visual elements enhance the backtesting experience:
Time Period Highlighting: Economic time periods are visually segmented on the chart, each with a unique color. These periods include historical phases such as "Stagflation (1971-1982)" and "Post-Pandemic Recovery (2021-Present)".
Trade and Holding Results: Displays the profit and loss of trades and holding results directly on the chart.
Interest Rate Plot: Plots the interest rate movements on the chart, allowing for real-time tracking of rate changes.
Trade Status: Highlights active long or short positions on the chart.
█ Statistics and Criteria Display:
Stats Table: Summarizes trade results, including wins, losses, and draw percentages for both long and short trades.
Criteria Table: Lists the selected entry and exit criteria for both long and short positions.
█ Economic Time Periods:
The script organizes interest rate decisions into well-defined economic periods, allowing traders to backtest strategies specific to historical contexts like:
(1971-1982) Stagflation
(1983-1990) Reaganomics and Deregulation
(1991-1994) Early 1990s (Recession and Recovery)
(1995-2001) Dot-Com Bubble
(2001-2006) Housing Boom
(2007-2009) Global Financial Crisis
(2009-2015) Great Recession Recovery
(2015-2019) Normalization Period
(2019-2021) COVID-19 Pandemic
(2021-Present) Post-Pandemic Recovery
█ User-Configurable Inputs:
Rate Source Selection: Choose between USINTR or FEDFUNDS as the primary interest rate source.
Trade Criteria Customization: Users can select the criteria for long and short trades, specifying when to enter or exit based on changes in the interest rate.
Time Period: Select the time period that you want to isolate testing a strategy with.
Auto-Entry and Pause Settings: Options to automatically enter trades and specify the number of days to confirm a rate pause.
Max Trade Duration: Limits how long trades can remain open, defined by the number of bars.
█ Trade Logic:
The script manages entries and exits for both long and short trades. It calculates the profit or loss percentage based on the entry and exit prices. The script tracks ongoing trades, dynamically updating the profit or loss as price changes.
█ Examples:
One of the most popular opinions is that when rate starts begin you should sell, then buy back in when rate cuts stop dropping. However, this can be easily proven to be a difficult task. Predicting the end of a rate cut is very difficult to do with the the exception that assumes rates will not fall below 0.25%.
2001-2009
Trade Result: +29.85%
Holding Result: -27.74%
1971-2024
Trade Result: +533%
Holding Result: +5901%
█ Backtest and Real-Time Use:
This backtester is useful for historical analysis and real-time trading. By setting up various entry and exit rules tied to interest rate movements, traders can test and refine strategies based on real historical data and rate decision trends.
This powerful tool allows traders to customize strategies, backtest them through different economic periods, and get visual feedback on their trading performance, helping to make more informed decisions based on interest rate dynamics. The main goal of this indicator is to challenge the belief that future events must mirror the 2001 and 2007 rate cuts. If everyone expects something to happen, it usually doesn’t.
DEMA Adjusted Average True Range [BackQuant]The use of the Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA) within your Adjusted Average True Range (ATR) calculation serves as a cornerstone for enhancing the indicator's responsiveness to market changes. To delve deeper into why DEMA is employed specifically in the context of your ATR calculation, let's explore the inherent qualities of DEMA and its impact on the ATR's performance.
DEMA and Its Advantages
As previously mentioned, DEMA was designed to offer a more responsive alternative to the traditional Exponential Moving Average (EMA). By giving more weight to recent price data, DEMA reduces the lag typically associated with moving averages. This reduction in lag is especially beneficial for short-term traders looking to capitalize on trend reversals and other market movements as swiftly as possible.
The calculation of DEMA involves the following steps:
Calculate EMA1: This is the Exponential Moving Average of the price.
Calculate EMA2: This is the Exponential Moving Average of EMA1, thus it is a smoothing of a smoothing, leading to a greater lag.
Formulate DEMA: The formula
EMA1 = EMA of price
EMA2 = EMA of EMA1
DEMA = (2 x EMA1) - EMA2
effectively doubles the weighting of the most recent data points by subtracting the lagged, double-smoothed EMA2 from twice the single-smoothed EMA1.
This process enhances the moving average's sensitivity to recent price movements, allowing the DEMA to adhere more closely to the price bars than either EMA1 or EMA2 alone.
Integration with ATR
In the context of your ATR calculation, the integration of DEMA plays a crucial role in defining the indicator's core functionality. Here's a detailed explanation of how DEMA affects the ATR calculation:
Initial Determination of DEMA : By applying the DEMA formula to the chosen source data (which can be adjusted to use Heikin Ashi candle close prices for an even smoother analysis), you set a foundation for a more reactive trend-following mechanism within the ATR framework.
Application to ATR Bands : The calculated DEMA serves as the central line from which the ATR bands are derived. The ATR value, multiplied by a user-defined factor, is added to and subtracted from the DEMA to form the upper and lower bands, respectively. This dynamic adjustment not only reflects the volatility based on the ATR but does so in a way that is closely aligned with the most recent price action, thanks to the utilization of DEMA.
Enhanced Signal Quality : The responsiveness of DEMA ensures that the ATR bands adjust more promptly to changes in market conditions. This quality is vital for traders who rely on the ATR bands to identify potential entry and exit points, trend reversals, or to assess market volatility.
By employing DEMA as the core component in calculating the Adjusted Average True Range, your indicator leverages DEMA's reduced lag and increased weight on recent data to provide a more timely and accurate measure of market volatility. This innovative approach enhances the utility of the ATR by making it not only a tool for assessing volatility but also a more reactive indicator for trend analysis and trading signal generation.
The main concept of combining these is to reduce lag, get a more robust signal and still capture clear trends over medium time horizons.
For me, this is best used in confluence with other indicators, it can be made faster in order to get fasters response time, or slower. This is all depending on the needs of you as a trader.
User Inputs:
The script offers several user-configurable inputs, such as the period lengths for DEMA and ATR calculations, the multiplication factor for the ATR, and options to use Heikin Ashi candles or standard price data. Additionally, it allows for the toggling of visual features, like the plotting of the DEMA ATR and its moving average, and the application of color-coded trends on price bars.
Additional Features:
Moving Average Confluence: Traders can opt to display a moving average of the DEMA ATR, choosing from various types (e.g., SMA, EMA, HMA). This feature provides a layer of confluence, aiding in the identification of trend direction and strength.
Trend Identification :
The script employs logical conditions to ascertain the trend direction based on the movement of the DEMA ATR. It assigns colors to represent bullish or bearish trends, which are reflected in the plotted lines and the coloring of price bars.
Alerts :
Customizable alert conditions for trend reversals enhance the utility of the indicator for active trading, notifying users of significant changes in trend direction.
1D Backtests
We include these backtests as a general proxy for how they work.
Please do your own calibrating to suit it to your own needs and backtest.
Past results don't = future results but they can help you understand how it functions.
INDEX:BTCUSD
INDEX:ETHUSD
BINANCE:SOLUSD
Candlestick Patterns detection and backtester [TrendX_]INTRODUCTION:
The Candlestick Patterns detection and backtester is designed to empower traders by identifying and analyzing candlestick patterns. Leveraging the robust Pine Script's add-in “All Candlestick Patterns”, this indicator meticulously scans the market for candlestick formations, offering insights into potential market movements. With its backtesting capabilities, we evaluate historical data to present traders with performance metrics such as win rates, net profit, and profit factors for each pattern. This allows traders to make informed decisions based on empirical evidence. The customizable settings, including trend filters and exit conditions, provide a tailored experience, adapting to various trading styles and strategies.
CREDIT:
This indicator is powered by the Pinescript add-in, *All Candlestick Patterns*, which provides a comprehensive library of candlestick formations.
TABLE USAGE:
The indicator features a detailed usage table that presents backtested results of all candlestick patterns. This includes:
Win Rates: The percentage of trades that resulted in a profit.
Net Profit: The total profit after subtracting losses from gains.
Profit Factor: A measure of the indicator’s profitability (gross profit / gross loss).
Total Trades: The total number of trades taken for every candlestick pattern's appearance.
CHART CANDLESTICK USAGE:
The indicator integrates candlestick pattern detections directly into the chart, displaying:
Pattern Detections: Each detected pattern is marked on the chart.
Win Rates: The win rate of each pattern is shown in brackets next to the detection.
CHART SETTINGS:
Users can customize the indicator with a variety of trend filters and settings:
Trend Filters: Apply filters based on SMA50, SMA200, Supertrend, and RSI threshold to refine pattern detections.
Exit Condition: Set an exit condition based on the crossing of a simple moving average of customizable length.
Visibility: Choose to show or hide the candlestick patterns’ detections on the chart.
Daily Backtest Pivots Problem with the built-in Pivot Points Standard indicator in backtesting/replay mode:
The default "Pivot Points Standard" indicator is excellent on live charts, but it becomes completely unusable for proper backtesting or bar-replay because it always calculates and displays the current day’s pivot points (P, R1, R2, S1, S2, etc.) using the high/low/close of the still-forming current day — even when you're replaying historical bars.
Example:
When replaying or backtesting September 8 at 08:00 (Asian session), the indicator already shows the final R1, R2, S1, S2 for the entire September 8 daily candle, even though in real trading at that moment you would have no idea where the day will close or what the final daily range will be. This creates massive look-ahead bias and makes any strategy that uses daily pivots impossible to test realistically.
Desired behavior (historical accuracy):
During backtesting or bar replay, the indicator should only plot:
The previous day’s completed pivot levels (which were actually known at the start of the current day)
NO current-day pivot levels at all (or only plot them after the daily candle is closed)
Many custom pivot scripts already do exactly this (they only show the prior day’s levels throughout the current day), which is why people abandon the built-in indicator for backtesting.
High/Low of week: Stats & Day of Week tendencies// Purpose:
-To show High of Week (HoW) day and Low of week (LoW) day frequencies/percentages for an asset.
-To further analyze Day of Week (DoW) tendencies based on averaged data from all various custom weeks. Giving a more reliable measure of DoW tendencies ('Meta Averages').
-To backtest day-of-week tendencies: across all asset history or across custom user input periods (i.e. consolidation vs trending periods).
-Education: to see how how data from a 'hard-defined-week' may be misleading when seeking statistical evidence of DoW tendencies.
// Notes & Tips:
-Only designed for use on DAILY timeframe.
-Verification table is to make sure HoW / LoW DAY (referencing previous finished week) is printing correctly and therefore the stats table is populating correctly.
-Generally, leaving Timezone input set to "America/New_York" is best, regardless of your asset or your chart timezone. But if misaligned by 1 day =>> tweak this timezone input to correct
-If you want to use manual backtesting period (e.g. for testing consolidation periods vs trending periods): toggle these settings on, then click the indicator display line three dots >> 'Reset Points' to quickly set start & end dates.
// On custom week start days:
-For assets like BTC which trade 7 days a week, this is quite simple. Pick custom start day, use verification table to check all is well. See the start week day & time in said verification table.
-For traditional assets like S&P which trade only 5 days a week and suffer from occasional Holidays, this is a bit more complicated. If the custom start day input is a bank holiday, its custom 'week' will be discounted from the data set. E.g.1: if you choose 'use custom start day' and set it to Monday, then bank holiday Monday weeks will be discounted from the data set. E.g.2: If you choose 'use custom start day' and set it to Thursday, then the Holiday Thursday custom week (e.g Thanksgiving Thursday >> following Weds) would be discounted from the data set.
// On 'Meta Averages':
-The idea is to try and mitigate out the 'continuation bias' that comes from having a fixed week start/end time: i.e. sometimes a market is trending through the week start/end time, so the start/end day stats are over-weighted if one is trying to tease out typical weekly profile tendencies or typical DoW tendencies. You'll notice this if you compare the stats with various custom start days ('bookend' start/end days are always more heavily weighted). I wanted to try to mitigate out this 'bias' by cycling through all the possible new week start/end days and taking an average of the results. i.e. on BTC/USD the 'meta average' for Tuesday would be the average of the Tuesday HoW frequencies from the set of all 7 possible custom weeks(Mon-Sun, Tues-Mon, Weds-Tues, etc etc).
// User Inputs:
~Week Start:
-use custom week start day (default toggled OFF); Choose custom week start day
-show Meta Averages (default toggled ON)
~Verification Table:
-show table, show new week lines, number of new week lines to show
-table formatting options (position, color, size)
-timezone (only for tweaking if printed DoW is misaligned by 1 day)
~Statistics Table:
-show table, table formatting options (position, color, size)
~Manual Backtesting:
-Use start date (default toggled OFF), choose start date, choose vline color
-Use end date (defautl toggled OFF), choose end date, choose vline color
// Demo charts:
NQ1! (Nasdaq), Full History, Traditional week (Mon>>Friday) stats. And Meta Averages. Annotations in purple:
NQ1! (Nasdaq), Full History, Custom week (custom start day = Wednesday). And Meta Averages. Annotations in purple:
Golden BOS Strategy - ChecklistA clean, mechanical on-chart checklist designed for multi-timeframe traders using the Golden BOS / Institutional Retracement Framework.
This tool helps you stay disciplined by tracking each requirement of the strategy in real time:
Included Criteria
4H Bias: Bullish or bearish macro structure
1H Structure: Push/pull phase + golden zone retracement
5M Entry Model:
Break of Structure (BOS)
5M golden zone retracement
POI validation (OB/FVG/Breaker)
Final micro BOS or rejection confirmation
Risk Filters:
Session validity (London / NY)
Red news avoidance
Stop-loss placement check
Liquidity-based target confirmation
Purpose
This overlay ensures every trade meets strict criteria before execution, removing emotion and improvisation. Ideal for backtesting, forward testing, and staying consistent during live market conditions.
Golden BOS Strategy — Description
The Golden BOS Strategy is a structured, multi-timeframe trading system designed to capture high-probability continuation moves during London and New York sessions. The strategy combines institutional concepts with Fibonacci-based retracements to identify discounted entry zones aligned with higher-timeframe direction.
Using the 4H timeframe, traders establish the daily macro bias and identify the dominant trend. The 1H chart is then used to confirm the current phase of market structure, distinguishing between impulsive “push” moves and corrective “pullback” phases. A Fibonacci retracement is applied to the most recent 1H impulse leg to define a high-value discount or premium zone where entries become valid.
Execution takes place on the 5-minute chart. Once price reaches the 1H golden zone (61.8–78.6%), a Break of Structure (BOS) is required to confirm a shift in short-term momentum. A second Fibonacci retracement is then drawn on the 5M impulse leg that caused the BOS, and price must retrace back into the 5M golden zone. Traders refine their entry using a confluence point of interest (POI) such as a Fair Value Gap (FVG), Order Block, Breaker Block, or Inverse FVG, ideally accompanied by a final micro BOS or rejection candle.
Risk management is strict and rule-driven. Stop loss is placed beyond the extreme wick of the POI, while take-profit targets are set at logical liquidity pools in the direction of the higher-timeframe trend. The strategy avoids red-folder news and only allows trades during active sessions to ensure optimal volatility and reliability.
The Golden BOS Strategy is designed to impose discipline, reduce discretionary errors, and give traders a repeatable, mechanical framework for navigating trending markets with precision.
Portfolio Strategy TesterThe Portfolio Strategy Tester is an institutional-grade backtesting framework that evaluates the performance of trend-following strategies on multi-asset portfolios. It enables users to construct custom portfolios of up to 30 assets and apply moving average crossover strategies across individual holdings. The model features a clear, color-coded table that provides a side-by-side comparison between the buy-and-hold portfolio and the portfolio using the risk management strategy, offering a comprehensive assessment of both approaches relative to the benchmark.
Portfolios are constructed by entering each ticker symbol in the menu, assigning its respective weight, and reviewing the total sum of individual weights displayed at the top left of the table. For strategy selection, users can choose between Exponential Moving Average (EMA), Simple Moving Average (SMA), Wilder’s Moving Average (RMA), Weighted Moving Average (WMA), Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), and Volume-Weighted Moving Average (VWMA). Moving average lengths are defined in the menu and apply only to strategy-enabled assets.
To accurately replicate real-world portfolio conditions, users can choose between daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly rebalancing frequencies and decide whether cash is held or redistributed. Daily rebalancing maintains constant portfolio weights, while longer intervals allow natural drift. When cash positions are not allowed, capital from bearish assets is automatically redistributed proportionally among bullish assets, ensuring the portfolio remains fully invested at all times. The table displays a comprehensive set of widely used institutional-grade performance metrics:
CAGR = Compounded annual growth rate of returns.
Volatility = Annualized standard deviation of returns.
Sharpe = CAGR per unit of annualized standard deviation.
Sortino = CAGR per unit of annualized downside deviation.
Calmar = CAGR relative to maximum drawdown.
Max DD = Largest peak-to-trough decline in value.
Beta (β) = Sensitivity of returns relative to benchmark returns.
Alpha (α) = Excess annualized risk-adjusted returns relative to benchmark.
Upside = Ratio of average return to benchmark return on up days.
Downside = Ratio of average return to benchmark return on down days.
Tracking = Annualized standard deviation of returns versus benchmark.
Turnover = Average sum of absolute changes in weights per year.
Cumulative returns are displayed on each label as the total percentage gain from the selected start date, with green indicating positive returns and red indicating negative returns. In the table, baseline metrics serve as the benchmark reference and are always gray. For portfolio metrics, green indicates outperformance relative to the baseline, while red indicates underperformance relative to the baseline. For strategy metrics, green indicates outperformance relative to both the baseline and the portfolio, red indicates underperformance relative to both, and gray indicates underperformance relative to either the baseline or portfolio. Metrics such as Volatility, Tracking Error, and Turnover ratio are always displayed in gray as they serve as descriptive measures.
In summary, the Portfolio Strategy Tester is a comprehensive backtesting tool designed to help investors evaluate different trend-following strategies on custom portfolios. It enables real-world simulation of both active and passive investment approaches and provides a full set of standard institutional-grade performance metrics to support data-driven comparisons. While results are based on historical performance, the model serves as a powerful portfolio management and research framework for developing, validating, and refining systematic investment strategies.
Consecutive count backtester / quantifytools- Overview
Consecutive counting is a simple method to mechanically define trending states to the upside and downside. Consecutive counts are calculated by taking reference price level (e.g. close 4 candles ago) and count closes above/below it up to a maximum count that resets the consecutive count back to 1. This tool provides the means to backtest each count by measuring % change in price after each count (e.g. % gain 2 candles after a given count).
Users can define reference source that starts the consecutive count (e.g. close 4 candles ago), maximum count where counter resets (e.g. after 9th count) and backtesting period (e.g. price change 2 candles after count).
Filters add extra conditions that must be met on the consecutive count to qualify as valid, which are also reflected on the backtest metrics. The counts can be refined using the following filters:
- RSI above/below X
- Price above/below/at moving average of choice
- Relative volume above/below X
Average gain corresponding to each count as they occur can be toggled off for less clutter. Average price change can also be visualized using candle color. Colors, gradient and table/label sizes are fully customizable.
- Practical guide
Example #1: Identify reversal potential
Consecutive counting is a simple yet effective method to for detecting reversals, for which 7-9 counts are traditionally used. Whether that holds true or not can now be put through a test with different variations of the method as well as using additional filters to improve the probability of a turn.
Example #2: Identify trend following potential
Consecutive counts can also have utility value for trend following. When historical short term change is to the downside, expect downside, when to the upside, expect upside.
RF+ Replay for Heikin AshiRF+ Replay for Heikin Ashi
RF+ Replay for Heikin Ashi generates fully customisable Heikin Ashi candlesticks presented on a standard chart, enabling traders to utilise the Tradingview Replay feature with Heikin Ashi candlesticks when analysing and backtesting HA style strategies.
The features of this indicator include:
- Fully customisable Heikin Ashi Candles, including custom colour options for candle bodies, borders and wicks.
- Optional real-time, real-price close dots painted onto each candlestick.
- A optional set of 2 x Range Filters designed to indicate short term trend identification upon color change, ideal for low timeframe scalping.
- A optional set of 3 x fully customisable Moving Averages.
- An option to enable Heikin Ashi calculated data for the Range Filters and Moving Averages, so they present as they would on a Heikin Ashi non-standard chart type, without having to use an actual Heikin Ashi chart. Enabled by default.
- An optional sessions indicator, to highlight your prefered trading session for the purpose of backtesting.
- An optional watermark featuring customisable text and well as symbol and timeframe information, as seen in the screenshot of this indicator.
Instructions for use:
1) Because this indicator generates candlesticks and presents them onto your chart, you will need to hide the existing candlesticks so you do not see two sets of candles. You can do this by going into your Tradingview chart settings and making the candle bodies, borders and wicks fully transparent. You can then save this as a layout template. You can access your Chart Settings by clicking on the cog icon, or by right clicking on the chart itself and selecting 'Chart Settings' from the list.
2) Ensure you have the standard chart type selected - you do not need to select a Heikin Ashi type chart.
3) You will now be able to analyise and even backtest your Heikin Ashi style strategies including the use of the Tradingview Replay feature found at the top of the chart.
Heikin Ashi means 'average bar' in Japanese, which speaks to the fact that Heikin Ashi candles are calculated differently to standard Japanese candlesticks. The general idea of Heikin Ashi candles is to 'smooth' the appearance of price movement, by the use of averages within their calculation. It is important to understand that the Open and Close values of a Heikin Ashi candlestick do not reflect real Open and Close prices. You can use the real price dots feature to clearly see the real time and real price Close of each candle.
The formula for calculating a Heikin Ashi candlestick is as follows:
High = Maximum of High, Open, or Close (whichever is highest)
Low = Minimum of Low, Open, or Close (whichever is lowest)
Open = Open (previous bar) + Close (previous bar) /2
Close = (Open + High + Low + Close) / 4
If you found this useful, be sure to leave a like, comment and subscribe to show your support.
Until next time.
Candlestick Patterns Backtester [Optimized]Candlestick Patterns Backtester
What this is: This indicator is based on a really cool candlestick pattern backtester that I found (I'll update this later when I remember where I got it from or find the actual author). The original had this massive table showing win/loss ratios for a bunch of candlestick patterns, and according to the built-in backtester, it was actually profitable - which was pretty impressive.
The Problem: I played around with the original for a while but honestly wasn't really able to get it to work well at all for actual trading. It was still pretty cool to look at though! The main issues were:
It was just a big static table - hard to do anything useful with it
Couldn't send signals out to other strategies
The code was a monster - like 2,000+ lines of repetitive mess
What I Did: I completely refactored this thing and got it down from 2,000+ lines to just a few hundred lines. Much cleaner now! Here's what it does:
45+ Candlestick Patterns - All the classics are in there
Dynamic Filtering - Set your own requirements (minimum win rate, profit factor, total trades, etc.)
Flexible Logic - Choose AND/OR logic for your filters
Signal Generation - Creates actual buy/sell signals you can use with other strategies
Visual Badges - Shows pattern badges on chart when they meet your criteria
Active Patterns Table - Only shows patterns that are currently profitable based on your settings
Settings You Can Adjust:
Minimum win rate threshold
Minimum profit factor
Minimum number of trades required
Whether to use AND or OR logic for filtering
Colors, badge display, debug options
Reality Check: Trading these patterns really wasn't for me, but it was still a great learning experience. The backtesting results look good on paper, but as always, past performance doesn't guarantee future results. Use this as a research tool and educational resource more than anything else.
Credit: This is based on someone else's original work that I heavily modified and optimized. I'll update this description once I track down the original author to give proper credit where it's due.
This introduction captures your casual, honest tone while explaining the technical improvements you made and setting realistic expectations about the indicator's practical use.
Zendog SHORT DCA Trigger RSI+StochRSIThis is a script that generates a SELL signal by combining RSI and Stochastic RSI into the same script and that can easily be integrated into an external Backtester like the one I published.
The script uses default values for RSI and Stochastic RSI overbought conditions.
They should be adjusted for specific assets and timeframes so they better match the current trend. Please beware you might overfit settings to match a short timeframe trend (like a few days or hours). If this is the case once the trend changes the signals will not be accurate.
The purpose of this script is to provide some pine code that can be used to further combine multiple indicators into a SHORT Deal Start signal.
Integration with the Zendog Backtster:
- add the backtester on the chart
- add this script on the chart
- in the Zendog backtester Deal start type select "External indicator"
- in the Zendog backtester Indicator source and value select "Zendog SHORT DCA Trigger RSI+StochRSI: SIGNAL"
Zendog LONG DCA Trigger RSI+StochRSIThis is a script that generates a BUY signal by combining RSI and Stochastic RSI into the same script and that can easily be integrated into an external Backtester like the one I published.
The script uses default values for RSI and Stochastic RSI oversold conditions.
They should be adjusted for specific assets and timeframes so they better match the current trend. Please beware you might overfit settings to match a short timeframe trend (like a few days or hours). If this is the case once the trend changes the signals will not be accurate.
The purpose of this script is to provide some pine code that can be used to further combine multiple indicators into a LONG Deal Start signal.
Integration with the Zendog Backtster:
- add the backtester on the chart
- add this script on the chart
- in the Zendog backtester Deal start type select "External indicator"
- in the Zendog backtester Indicator source and value select "Zendog LONG DCA Trigger RSI+StochRSI: SIGNAL"
Walk Forward PatternsINTRO
In Euclidean geometry, every mathematical output has a planar projection. 'Walk Forward Patterns' can be considered a practical example of this concept. On the other hand, this indicator might also be viewed as an experiment in 'how playing with Lego as a child contributes to time series analysis' :)
OVERVIEW
This script dynamically generates the necessary optimization and testing ranges for Walk Forward Analysis based on user-defined bar count and length inputs. It performs automatic calculations for each step, offers 8 different window options depending on the inputs, and visualizes the results dynamically. I should also note that most of the window models consist of original patterns I have created.
ADDITIONAL INFO : WHAT IS WALK FORWARD ANALYSIS?
Although it is not the main focus of this indicator, providing a brief definition of Walk Forward Analysis can be helpful in correctly interpreting the results it generates. Walk Forward Analysis (WFA) is a systematic method for optimizing parameters and validating trading strategies. It involves dividing historical data into variable segments, where a strategy is first optimized on an in-sample period and then tested on an out-of-sample period. This process repeats by shifting the windows forward, ensuring that each test evaluates the strategy on unseen data, helping to assess its robustness and adaptability in real market conditions.
ORIGINALITY
There are very few studies on Walk Forward Analysis in TradingView. Even worse, there are no any open-source studies available. Someone has to start somewhere, I suppose. And in my personal opinion, determining the optimization and backtest intervals is the most challenging part of WFA. These intervals serve as a prerequisite for automated parameter optimization. I felt the need to publish this pattern module, which I use in my own WFA models, partly due to this gap on community scripts.
INDICATOR MECHANICS
To use the indicator effectively, you only need to perform four simple tasks:
Specify the total number of bars in your chart in the 'Bar Index' parameter.
Define the optimization (In-Sample Test) length.
Define the testing (Out-Of-Sample Test) length.
Finally, select the window type.
The indicator automatically models everything else (including the number of steps) based on your inputs. And the result; you now have a clear idea of which bars to use for your Walk Forward tests!
A COMMONLY USED WINDOW SELECTION METHOD: ROLLING
A more concrete definition of Walk Forward Analysis, specifically for the widely used Rolling method, can be described as follows:
Parameters that have performed well over a certain period are identified (Optimization: In-Sample).
These parameters are then tested on a shorter, subsequent period (Backtest: Out-of-Sample).
The process is repeated forward in time (At each step, the optimization and backtest periods are shifted by the backtest length).
If the cumulative percentage profit obtained from the backtest results is greater than half of the historical optimization profit, the strategy is considered "successful."
If the strategy is successful, the most recent (untested) optimization values are used for live trading.
OTHER WINDOW OPTIONS
ANCHORED: That's a pattern based on progressively expanding optimization ranges at each step. Backtest ranges move forward in a staircase-like manner.
STATIC: Optimization ranges remain fixed, while backtest ranges are shifted forward.
BLOCKED: Optimization ranges are shifted forward in groups of three blocks. Backtest ranges are also shifted in a staircase manner, even at the cost of creating gaps from the optimization end bars.
TRIANGULAR: Optimization ranges are shifted forward in triangular regions, while backtest ranges move in a staircase pattern.
RATIO: The optimization length increases by 25% of the initial step’s fixed length at each step. In other words, the length grows by 25% of the first step's length incrementally. Backtest ranges always start from the bar where the optimization ends.
FIBONACCI: A variation of the Ratio method, where the optimization shift factor is set to 0.618
RANDOM WALK
Unlike the window models explained above, we can also generate optimization and backtest ranges completely randomly—offering almost unlimited variations! When you select the "Random" option in the "Window" parameter on the indicator interface, random intervals are generated based on various trigonometric calculations. By changing the numerical value in the '🐒' parameter, you can create entirely unique patterns.
WHY THE 🐒 EMOJI?
Two reasons.
First, I think that as humanity, we are a species of tailless primates who become happy when we understand things :). At least evolutionarily. The entire history of civilization is built on the effort to express the universe in a scale we can comprehend. 'Knowledge' is an invention born from this effort, which is why we feel happiness when we 'understand'. Second, I can't think of a better metaphor for randomness than a monkey sitting at a keyboard. See: Monkey Test.
Anyway, I’m rambling :)
NOTES
The indicator generates results for up to 100 steps. As the number of steps increases, the table may extend beyond the screen—don’t forget to zoom out!
FINAL WORDS
I haven’t published a Walk Forward script yet . However, there seem to be examples that can perform parameter optimization in the true sense of the word, producing more realistic results without falling into overfitting in my library. Hopefully, I’ll have the chance to publish one in the coming weeks. Sincerely thanks to Kıvanç Özbilgiç, Robert Pardo, Kevin Davey, Ernest P. Chan for their inspiring publishments.
DISCLAIMER
That's just a script, nothing more. I hope it helps everyone. Do not forget to manage your risk. And trade as safely as possible. Best of luck!
© dg_factor
Average True Range BandsThis is a simple script to assist you in manual backtesting! Perfect for the NNFX crowd or anyone that enjoys manual backtesting.
Usage
1. Slap this bad boy on your chart.
2. Adjust period and multiplier (defaults are 14 period and 1.5x).
3. Put on the indicator/system you are testing.
4. Enter bar replay mode.
5. Drag your long/short position take profit and stop loss to the upper and lower bands.
(long/short positions are available on the left-hand toolbar)
6. Profit!
If you enjoy/use this script, drop me a follow and please note me in your code!
I'm *almost* always available for collabs and questions.
Fourier For Loop [BackQuant]Fourier For Loop
PLEASE Read the following, as understanding an indicator's functionality is essential before integrating it into a trading strategy. Knowing the core logic behind each tool allows for a sound and strategic approach to trading.
Introducing BackQuant's Fourier For Loop (FFL) — a cutting-edge trading indicator that combines Fourier transforms with a for-loop scoring mechanism. This innovative approach leverages mathematical precision to extract trends and reversals in the market, helping traders make informed decisions. Let's break down the components, rationale, and potential use-cases of this indicator.
Understanding Fourier Transform in Trading
The Fourier Transform decomposes price movements into their frequency components, allowing for a detailed analysis of cyclical behavior in the market. By transforming the price data from the time domain into the frequency domain, this indicator identifies underlying patterns that traditional methods may overlook.
In this script, Fourier transforms are applied to the specified calculation source (defaulted to HLC3). The transformation yields magnitude values that can be used to score market movements over a defined range. This scoring process helps uncover long and short signals based on relative strength and trend direction.
Why Use Fourier Transforms?
Fourier Transforms excel in identifying recurring cycles and smoothing noisy data, making them ideal for fast-paced markets where price movements may be erratic. They also provide a unique perspective on market volatility, offering traders additional insights beyond standard indicators.
Calculation Logic: For-Loop Scoring Mechanism
The For Loop Scoring mechanism compares the magnitude of each transformed point in the series, summing the results to generate a score. This score forms the backbone of the signal generation system.
Long Signals: Generated when the score surpasses the defined long threshold (default set at 40). This indicates a strong bullish trend, signaling potential upward momentum.
Short Signals: Triggered when the score crosses under the short threshold (default set at -10). This suggests a bearish trend or potential downside risk.'
Thresholds & Customization
The indicator offers customizable settings to fit various trading styles:
Calculation Periods: Control how many periods the Fourier transform covers.
Long/Short Thresholds: Adjust the sensitivity of the signals to match different timeframes or risk preferences.
Visualization Options: Traders can visualize the thresholds, change the color of bars based on trend direction, and even color the background for enhanced clarity.
Trading Applications
This Fourier For Loop indicator is designed to be versatile across various market conditions and timeframes. Some of its key use-cases include:
Cycle Detection: Fourier transforms help identify recurring patterns or cycles, giving traders a head-start on market direction.
Trend Following: The for-loop scoring system helps confirm the strength of trends, allowing traders to enter positions with greater confidence.
Risk Management: With clearly defined long and short signals, traders can manage their positions effectively, minimizing exposure to false signals.
Final Note
Incorporating this indicator into your trading strategy adds a layer of mathematical precision to traditional technical analysis. Be sure to adjust the calculation start/end points and thresholds to match your specific trading style, and remember that no indicator guarantees success. Always backtest thoroughly and integrate the Fourier For Loop into a balanced trading system.
Thus following all of the key points here are some sample backtests on the 1D Chart
Disclaimer: Backtests are based off past results, and are not indicative of the future .
INDEX:BTCUSD
INDEX:ETHUSD
BINANCE:SOLUSD
LSMA Z-Score [BackQuant]LSMA Z-Score
Main Features and Use in the Trading Strategy
- The indicator normalizes the LSMA into a detrended Z-Score, creating an oscillator with standard deviation levels to indicate trend strength.
- Adaptive coloring highlights the rate of change and potential reversals, with different colors for positive and negative changes above and below the midline.
- Extreme levels with adaptive coloring indicate the probability of a reversion, providing strategic entry or exit points.
- Alert conditions for crossing the midline or significant shifts in trend direction enhance its utility within a trading strategy.
1. What is an LSMA?
The Least Squares Moving Average (LSMA) is a technical indicator that smoothens price data to help identify trends. It uses the least squares regression method to fit a straight line through the selected price points over a specified period. This approach minimizes the sum of the squares of the distances between the line and the price points, providing a more statistically grounded moving average that can adapt more smoothly to price changes.
2. What is a Z-Score?
A Z-Score is a statistical measurement that describes a value's relationship to the mean of a group of values, measured in terms of standard deviations from the mean. If a Z-Score is 0, it indicates that the data point's score is identical to the mean score. A Z-Score helps in understanding if a data point is typical for a given data set or if it is atypical. In finance, a Z-Score is often used to measure how far a piece of data is from the average of a set, which can be helpful in identifying outliers or unusual data points.
3. Why Turning LSMA into a Z-Score is Innovative and Its Benefits
Converting LSMA into a Z-Score is innovative because it combines the trend identification capabilities of the LSMA with the statistical significance testing of Z-Scores. This transformation normalizes the LSMA, creating a detrended oscillator that oscillates around a mean (zero line), with standard deviation levels to show trend strength. This method offers several benefits:
Enhanced Trend Detection:
- By normalizing the LSMA, traders can more easily identify when the price is deviating significantly from its trend, which can signal potential trading opportunities.
Standardization:
- The Z-Score transformation allows for comparisons across different assets or time frames, as the score is standardized.
Objective Measurement of Trend Strength:
- The use of standard deviation levels provides an objective measure of trend strength and volatility.
4. How It Can Be Used in the Context of a Trading System
This indicator can serve as a versatile tool within a trading system for a range of things:
Trend Confirmation:
- A positive Z-Score can confirm an uptrend, while a negative Z-Score can confirm a downtrend, providing traders with signals to enter or exit trades.
Oversold/Overbought Conditions:
- Extreme Z-Score levels can indicate overbought or oversold conditions, suggesting potential reversals or pullbacks.
Volatility Assessment:
- The standard deviation levels can help traders assess market volatility, with wider bands indicating higher volatility.
5. How It Can Be Used for Trend Following
For trend following strategies, this indicator can be particularly useful:
Trend Strength Indicator:
- By monitoring the Z-Score's distance from zero, traders can gauge the strength of the current trend, with larger absolute values indicating stronger trends.
Directional Bias:
- Positive Z-Scores can be used to establish a bullish bias, while negative Z-Scores can establish a bearish bias, guiding trend following entries and exits.
Color-Coding for Trend Changes :
- The adaptive coloring of the indicator based on the rate of change and extreme levels provides visual cues for potential trend reversals or continuations.
Thus following all of the key points here are some sample backtests on the 1D Chart
Disclaimer: Backtests are based off past results, and are not indicative of the future.
This is using the Midline Crossover:
INDEX:BTCUSD
INDEX:ETHUSD
BINANCE:SOLUSD
