Mulai

Options

Implied Volatility Estimator using Black Scholes [Loxx]Implied Volatility Estimator using Black Scholes derives a estimation of implied volatility using the Black Scholes options pricing model. The Bisection algorithm is used for our purposes here. This includes the ability to adjust for dividends. Implied Volatility The implied volatility (IV) of an option contract is that value of the volatility of the underlying instrument which, when input in an option pricing model (such as Black–Scholes), will return a theoretical value equal to the current market price of that option. The VIX , in contrast, is a model-free estimate of Implied Volatility. The latter is viewed as being important because it represents a measure of risk for the underlying asset. Elevated Implied Volatility suggests that risks to underlying are also elevated. Ordinarily, to estimate implied volatility we rely upon Black-Scholes (1973). This implies that we are prepared to accept the assumptions of Black Scholes (1973). Inputs Spot price: select from 33 different types of price inputs Strike Price: the strike price of the option you're wishing to model Market Price: this is the market price of the option; choose, last, bid, or ask to see different results Historical Volatility Period: the input period for historical volatility ; historical volatility isn't used in the Bisection algo, this is to serve as a comparison, even though historical volatility is from price movement of the underlying asset where as implied volatility is the volatility of the option Historical Volatility Type: choose from various types of implied volatility , search my indicators for details on each of these Option Base Currency: this is to calculate the risk-free rate, this is used if you wish to automatically calculate the risk-free rate instead of using the manual input. this uses the 10 year bold yield of the corresponding country % Manual Risk-free Rate: here you can manually enter the risk-free rate Use manual input for Risk-free Rate? : choose manual or automatic for risk-free rate % Manual Yearly Dividend Yield: here you can manually enter the yearly dividend yield Adjust for Dividends?: choose if you even want to use use dividends Automatically Calculate Yearly Dividend Yield? choose if you want to use automatic vs manual dividend yield calculation Time Now Type: choose how you want to calculate time right now, see the tool tip Days in Year: choose how many days in the year, 365 for all days, 252 for trading days, etc Hours Per Day: how many hours per day? 24, 8 working hours, or 6.5 trading hours Expiry date settings: here you can specify the exact time the option expires *** the algorithm inputs for low and high aren't to be changed unless you're working through the mathematics of how Bisection works. Included Option pricing panel Loxx's Expanded Source Types Related Indicators Cox-Ross-Rubinstein Binomial Tree Options Pricing Model
Indikator Pine Script™
oleh loxx
1
Cox-Ross-Rubinstein Binomial Tree Options Pricing Model [Loxx]Cox-Ross-Rubinstein Binomial Tree Options Pricing Model is an options pricing panel calculated using an N-iteration (limited to 300 in Pine Script due to matrices size limits) "discrete-time" (lattice based) method to approximate the closed-form Black–Scholes formula. Joshi (2008) outlined varying binomial options pricing model furnishes a numerical approach for the valuation of options. Significantly, the American analogue can be estimated using the binomial tree. This indicator is the complex calculation for Binomial option pricing. Most folks take a shortcut and only calculate 2 iterations. I've coded this to allow for up to 300 iterations. This can be used to price American Puts/Calls and European Puts/Calls. I'll be updating this indicator will be updated with additional features over time. If you would like to learn more about options, I suggest you check out the book textbook Options, Futures and other Derivative by John C Hull. ***This indicator only works on the daily timeframe!*** A quick graphic of what this all means: In the graphic, "n" are the steps, in this case we can do up to 300, in production we'd need to do 5-15K. That's a lot of steps! You can see here how the binomial tree fans out. As I said previously, most folks only calculate 2 steps, here we are calculating up to 300. Want to learn more about Simple Introduction to Cox, Ross Rubinstein (1979) ? Watch this short series "Introduction to Basic Cox, Ross and Rubinstein (1979) model." Limitations of Black Scholes options pricing model This is a widely used and well-known options pricing model, factors in current stock price, options strike price, time until expiration (denoted as a percent of a year), and risk-free interest rates. The Black-Scholes Model is quick in calculating any number of option prices. But the model cannot accurately calculate American options, since it only considers the price at an option's expiration date. American options are those that the owner may exercise at any time up to and including the expiration day. What are Binomial Trees in options pricing? A useful and very popular technique for pricing an option involves constructing a binomial tree. This is a diagram representing different possible paths that might be followed by the stock price over the life of an option. The underlying assumption is that the stock price follows a random walk. In each time step, it has a certain probability of moving up by a certain percentage amount and a certain probability of moving down by a certain percentage amount. In the limit, as the time step becomes smaller, this model is the same as the Black–Scholes–Merton model. What is the Binomial options pricing model ? This model uses a tree diagram with volatility factored in at each level to show all possible paths an option's price can take, then works backward to determine one price. The benefit of the Binomial Model is that you can revisit it at any point for the possibility of early exercise. Early exercise is executing the contract's actions at its strike price before the contract's expiration. Early exercise only happens in American-style options. However, the calculations involved in this model take a long time to determine, so this model isn't the best in rushed situations. What is the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein Model? The Cox-Ross-Rubinstein binomial model can be used to price European and American options on stocks without dividends, stocks and stock indexes paying a continuous dividend yield, futures, and currency options. Option pricing is done by working backwards, starting at the terminal date. Here we know all the possible values of the underlying price. For each of these, we calculate the payoffs from the derivative, and find what the set of possible derivative prices is one period before. Given these, we can find the option one period before this again, and so on. Working ones way down to the root of the tree, the option price is found as the derivative price in the first node. Inputs Spot price: select from 33 different types of price inputs Calculation Steps: how many iterations to be used in the Binomial model. In practice, this number would be anywhere from 5000 to 15000, for our purposes here, this is limited to 300 Strike Price: the strike price of the option you're wishing to model % Implied Volatility: here you can manually enter implied volatility Historical Volatility Period: the input period for historical volatility; historical volatility isn't used in the CRRBT process, this is to serve as a sort of benchmark for the implied volatility, Historical Volatility Type: choose from various types of implied volatility, search my indicators for details on each of these Option Base Currency: this is to calculate the risk-free rate, this is used if you wish to automatically calculate the risk-free rate instead of using the manual input. this uses the 10 year bold yield of the corresponding country % Manual Risk-free Rate: here you can manually enter the risk-free rate Use manual input for Risk-free Rate? : choose manual or automatic for risk-free rate % Manual Yearly Dividend Yield: here you can manually enter the yearly dividend yield Adjust for Dividends?: choose if you even want to use use dividends Automatically Calculate Yearly Dividend Yield? choose if you want to use automatic vs manual dividend yield calculation Time Now Type: choose how you want to calculate time right now, see the tool tip Days in Year: choose how many days in the year, 365 for all days, 252 for trading days, etc Hours Per Day: how many hours per day? 24, 8 working hours, or 6.5 trading hours Expiry date settings: here you can specify the exact time the option expires Take notes: Futures don't risk free yields. If you are pricing options of futures, then the risk-free rate is zero. Dividend yields are calculated using TradingView's internal dividend values This indicator only works on the daily timeframe Included Option pricing panel Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Indikator Pine Script™
oleh loxx
1
Simple Moving Averge StrategySimple Vs. Exponential Moving Averages Formula for Exponential Moving Average (EMA) \begin{aligned} &\begin{aligned} EMA_{\text{Today}}=&\left(\text{Value}_{\text{Today}}\ast\left(\frac{\text{Smoothing}}{1+\text{Days}}\right)\right)\\ &+EMA_{\text{Yesterday}}\ast\left(1-\left(\frac{\text{Smoothing}}{1+\text{Days}}\right)\right)\end{aligned}\\ &\textbf{where:}\\ &EMA=\text{Exponential moving average} \end{aligned} ​ EMA Today ​ = ​ (Value Today ​ ∗( 1+Days Smoothing ​ )) +EMA Yesterday ​ ∗(1−( 1+Days Smoothing ​ )) ​ where: EMA=Exponential moving average ​  While there are many possible choices for the smoothing factor, the most common choice is:
Strategi Pine Script™
oleh xoussamachoubix
5MSM MAHESH 15It´s just the histogram of the MACD . (Actually it´s not a histogram, I like the Area visualisation more. But you can switch.) 5min stock market property When I´m using the MACD , I´m just searching for a divergence between Price and the MACD-histogram. I´m not interested in the MACD-signalline or the MACD-line in any way. As you can see, The omission of them leads to better visualisation. It´s much easier to spot a divergence. On the one hand because that way the histogram scales bigger, on the other hand becauce the lines can´t overdraw the histogram. Rules bullish Divergence: Price makes a lower low, oscillator makes higher low. Rules bearish Divergence: Price makes a higher high, oscillator makes lower high.
Indikator Pine Script™
oleh patrick199415
VolatilityVolatility - The amount of price deviation in the specified time interval. The calculation is made from the opening point to the closing point, and the maximum and minimum deviation between them is also included. Any timeframes are supported. Available information: the start date of the calculation (according to the time zone of the exchange), the current volatility from the initial opening point or from the last closing point, the total volatility for all periods. An indicator of useful use in everyday work. Thanks for your attention!
Indikator Pine Script™
oleh StCogitans
6
HPI for crypto [ptt]The Herrick Payoff Index is designed to show the amount of money flowing into or out of a futures contract. This indicator uses open interest (from Binance PERP like this BTCUSDTPERP_OI) from during its calculations, therefore, the pairs being analyzed must contain open interest data on Binance. The indicator only works with USDT pairs! Like RVNUSDT, BTCUSDT... does not work with USD pairs! The indicator works in two mode. Index mode - when the values moving 0-100 In this case, if the value below 10, it shows the money is flowing out of the futures contract and near the local bottom. If the value above 90, it shows the money is flowing into the futures contract and near the local top. (The two trigger can be modified, the default is low:10 and high:90) Oscillator mode - when the values moving around the origo (0) In this case, if the value above 0 (green), it shows the money is flowing into the futures contract, this is bullish If the value below 0 (red), it shows the money is flowing out of the futures contract, this is bearish
Indikator Pine Script™
oleh puttoAZ
11
Strategy BackTest Display Statistics - TraderHalaiThis script was born out of my quest to be able to display strategy back test statistics on charts to allow for easier backtesting on devices that do not natively support backtest engine (such as mobile phones, when I am backtesting from away from my computer). There are already a few good ones on TradingView, but most / many are too complicated for my needs. Found an excellent display backtest engine by 'The Art of Trading'. This script is a snippet of his hard work, with some very minor tweaks and changes. Much respect to the original author. Full credit to the original author of this script. It can be found here: www.tradingview.com I decided to modify the script by simplifying it down and make it easier to integrate into existing strategies, using simple copy and paste, by relying on existing tradingview strategy backtester inputs. I have also added 3 additional performance metrics: - Max Run Up - Average Win per trade - Average Loss per trade As this is a work in progress, I will look to add in more performance metrics in future, as I further develop this script. Feel free to use this display panel in your scripts and strategies. Thanks and enjoy :)
Strategi Pine Script™
oleh TraderHalai
4
Grid Settings & MMThis script is designed to help you plan your grid trading or when averaging your position in the spot market. The script has a small error (due to the simplification of the code), it does not take into account the size of the commission. You can set any values on all parameters on any timeframe, except for the number of orders in the grid (from 2 to 5). The usage algorithm is quite simple: 1. Connect the script 2. Install a Fibo grid on the chart - optional (settings at the bottom of the description) 3.On the selected pair, determine the HighPrice & LowPrice levels and insert their values 4.Evaluate grid data (levels, estimated profit ’%’, possible profit ‘$’...) And it's all) Block of variables for calculating grid and MM parameters Variables used regularly --- HighPrice and LowPrice - constant update when changing pairs --- Deposit - deposit amount - periodically set the actual amount Variables that do not require permanent changes --- Grids - set the planned number of grids, default 5 --- Steps - the planned number of orders in the grid, by default 5 --- C_Order - coefficient of increasing the size of orders in the base coin, by default 1.2 --- C_Price - trading levels offset coefficient, default 1.1 --- FirstLevel - location of the first buy level, default 0.5 --- Back_HL - number of candles back, default 150 *** For C_Order and C_Price variables, the value 1 means the same order size and the same distance between buy levels. The fibo grid is used for visualization, you can do without it, ! it is not tied to the script code ! You can calculate the levels of the Fibo grid using the formula: (level price - minimum price) / (maximum price - minimum price) For default values, grid levels are as follows: 1 ... 0.5 2...0.359 3 ... 0.211 4...0.0564 5...-0.1043 Short description: in the upper right corner --- indicator of the price movement for the last 150 candles, in % !!! there is no task here to "catch" the peak values - only a relative estimate. in the upper left corner --- total amount of the deposit --- the planned number of grids --- “cost” of one grid --- the size of the estimated profit depending on the specified HighPrice & LowPrice in the lower left corner --- Buy - price levels for buy orders --- Amount - the number of purchased coins in the corresponding order --- Sell - levels of profit taking by the sum of market orders in the grid --- $$$ - the sum of all orders in the grid, taking into account the last active order --- TP - profit amount by the amount of orders in the grid
Indikator Pine Script™
oleh avgtrade
1
Banknifty Volume - IN This simple indicator computes the average Relative Strength Index of each Banknifty stock and displays the volume on the chart with color schemes while the average line indicates the average RSI of all Bank Stocks. This indicator works on Banknifty and its stocks. It works on all time frames How You can use this? You can use this indicator for Volume analysis if the average RSI line is above the 0 line, the stock is moving upside and vice versa for Downside .
Indikator Pine Script™
oleh TradingTail
3